GNSS interference has become a growing challenge in the Baltic Sea, affecting maritime navigation, aviation, and critical infrastructure.
Numerous datasets and services
While numerous datasets and services, such as gpsjam.org, spoofing.skai-data-services.com, and flightradar24, report high-altitude GNSS interference based on ADS-B data, there is a significant lack of studies focusing on ground-level interference. Since most critical infrastructure relies on GNSS at ground level, this gap in research leaves many questions unanswered about the real-world impact of interference on essential systems.
Partnership GPSPATRON and Gdynia Maritime University
To bridge this knowledge gap, GPSPATRON and Gdynia Maritime University have established a scientific and technical collaboration aimed at systematically studying GNSS interference at ground level.
This partnership combines GPSPATRON’s expertise in real-time GNSS interference monitoring and classification is complemented by the Faculty of Navigation at Gdynia Maritime University’s extensive knowledge of how GNSS spoofing and jamming affect maritime navigation, port security, and vessel operations
The study
The study, conducted from June to November 2024, utilized GPSPATRON’s proprietary GNSS interference monitoring system, integrating the GP-Probe TGE2-CH3 sensor and the GP-Cloud platform. The GP-Probe TGE2-CH3 is a high-end GNSS signal monitoring device designed to capture full-spectrum GNSS signals and transmit them in real time to GP-Cloud for processing. The sensor collects raw signal data, enabling comprehensive analysis of jamming, spoofing, and other anomalies affecting GNSS performance.
GP-Cloud, GPSPATRON’s cloud-based analytics platform
GP-Cloud, GPSPATRON’s cloud-based analytics platform, processes and interprets incoming data, identifying interference patterns, classifying anomalies, and providing real-time visualization. By working in tandem, the GP-Probe continuously streams data, while GP-Cloud applies advanced algorithms to detect disruptions, measure their impact, and generate detailed reports.
Installation of the sensor
The sensor was installed on the Faculty of Navigation building at Gdynia Maritime University, directly on the shoreline at approximately 15 meters above sea level. The accompanying screenshot shows the exact installation location on a map, where detection range circles indicate the estimated distances at which interference sources with different antenna heights could be detected.
The primary goal
The primary goal of this research was to characterize the occurrence, patterns, and potential sources of GNSS interference affecting ground-level infrastructure. Unlike previous studies that relied on ADS-B data from aircraft at high altitudes, this research provided a unique perspective by focusing on low-altitude and ground-based disruptions.
GNSS interference threats
Through continuous monitoring and spectral analysis, the study aimed to identify the nature of interference, assess its impact on GNSS accuracy, and explore potential mitigation strategies.
This collaborative effort represents a significant step toward understanding and mitigating GNSS interference threats in the Baltic region. The findings contribute valuable insights to maritime authorities, port operators, and regulatory bodies, highlighting the need for enhanced GNSS monitoring capabilities to protect critical navigation and communication systems.
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